Field experiments were carried out at three localities in North West and Limpopo provinces to assess the effects of planting density and planting patterns and their interaction effects on residual soil nutrient contents in maize/cowpea (M/C) sole and intercropped systems. The trial consisted of four planting densities (10 000; 20 000; 30 000 and 40 000 plants ha-1) and six planting patterns (1rowM:1rowC; 1rowM:2rowsC; 2rowsM:2rowsC; 2rowM:4rowC; sole maize and sole cowpeas) at three sites. The experiment was a split-plot incorporated in randomized complete block design with four replications where maize plant density was the main factor and subplot factor was the planting pattern. \nMaize N, P, K, Ca and Mg concentration level showed a decreased pattern as the planting density increased at both trial sites. Maize N content in planting density ranged from 1.28% to 1.65% at both locations. Plant density of 10 000 plants ha-1 had higher N yield of maize by 22% and 11% relative to 40 000 plants ha-1 at Potchefstroom and Taung, respectively. However, N concentration in maize was significant at Taung, the 2rowsM:4rowsC pattern had higher N concentration and was 1.75% compared to all other intercropping planting patterns and sole maize. The interaction of all intercropping planting patterns and plant density of 10 000 plants ha-1 gave higher nutrient concentration level than at higher plant density. Sole cowpea had higher residual soil N-NO-3 yield of 1.92, 1.66 and 1.23 mgkg-1, whereas residual soil N-NH+4 was 3.28, 3.44 and 3.34 mgkg-1 at Syferkuil, Potchefstroom and Taung, respectively, compared to all intercropping planting patterns and sole maize. The results show that cowpea has the ability to fix atmospheric N into the soil for subsequent crop use. The study indicates that intercropping system and lower plant density up to 30 000 plants ha-1 of maize had the potential of improving crop productivity and soil fertility status depending on the climate and available N in the soil.

Purpose of this study was studying the effect of recreational footsal sport on blood lipoprotein among overweighed non-athlete female university students. For this purpose, 20 overweighed non-athlete female students in age range of 19-23 years, mean BMI 27±6/0 were voluntarily chosen, these individuals were divided randomly in two groups of recreational exercise (n=10 ) and the control group (n=10 ). Recreational exercise included recreational footsal that was done for six weeks and each week had three 50-minute sessions with maximum 60-75% heart rate. To gather information from participants, before and after exercise 5 mm liters blood was taken from them to determine blood lipid levels and lipoprotein (cholesterol, tri Triglyceride, LDL, HDL, VLDL). Independent and correlated T test were used to data statistical analysis. Results showed that recreational footsal has had significant difference in all lipoprotein factors from pretest to post test. Also significant difference was observed in comparing two groups recreational Footsal and control group. By studying resulted findings of this research it seems that doing physical exercises recreationally – resulted in increasing lipolysis in blood- improves lipoproteins and helps in reducing cardiovascular risk factors and increasing HDL levels.

In this paper, the concepts of vague fuzzy digital structure homotopy and\nvague fuzzy digital structure deformations are introduced. Some interesting properties are discussed.

Gradually, the facilities and equipment used to produce a product are losing their simplicity and getting more and more complex. In particular, developments observed in automatic control, electronic, hydraulic and pneumatic techniques contribute to complexity in manufacturing facilities. \nThe complexity and excellence of the manufacturing facilities minimize the use of labor and increases the efficiency too much when compared to the traditional ways of production; however, they require more fixed-capital investment. Therefore, the possible malfunctions of the equipment used in such facilities may result in big losses as fixed-capital investment and volume of production are high. The volume of production has reached so high levels that even a small break in the production can seriously affect the financial structure of a firm because except for the raw materials, expenses such as wages, amortization, operating costs are not dependent on the production. \nMinimization of the losses stemming from the malfunctions of the production equipment and hence optimum use of the resources can only be possible through careful repair and maintenance planning. \nIn line with the developing technology of the equipment and increase seen in the level of atomization, the training level, motivation, and organization of the maintenance personnel should be developed to prevent breakdown in the production, loss in the quality of the production, production losses, and accompanying financial losses. \nThe study aim to investigate the maintenance activities conducted in small-, medium-, and large-scale furniture organizations through questionnaire method.

The work described a study on an effect of the partial charge of the receptor bio-interface of a nanowire field biosensor on the conductance of the nanowire, through finite element calculations using COMSOL Multiphysics. A biosensor consist of 5 layers the first layer is silicon nanowire that had radius 200 nm surrounded by a 230-nm oxide layer, which covered by a 270 nm thick functional layer and 3 partial charge were considered for this study. The entire device was immerged in an electrolyte and each of the layers was treated as a continuum medium characterized by the corresponding dielectric constant. First the poisson equation with boltzmann statistics was computed for distribution of the electrostatic potential in the narrower due to the partial charge. Second, conductance of the nanowire was computed through integrating the effect of the potential on the charge carriers within the nanowire.

Roadmap is a strategic plan that describes the steps an organization needs to take to achieve stated outcomes and goals in different layers and these layers are closely related to each other. Lower layer are more important in planning process. Acquisition layer is one of the most crucial layers in road mapping process. Today there are some international organizations that do policy making and depict technology roadmap in different areas. Manufacturing firms always had the limitation of utilizing these roadmaps. In this paper we examined electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles technology roadmap of international energy agency. Batteries as a hurdle in acquisition layer and electric cars of 2011 was ranked and prioritized from difference perspective, which can be used in technological development activities as guidance.

Electrical wheelchairs give handicapped people the possibility to regain mobility in everyday life. A lot of disable people do not have the capability to control a joystick on an electric wheelchair. Also, the obstacles represent another difficulty to such people. So, this article try to solve some of these problems through developing a proto type multi-modal system assist in controlling the movement of an electric wheelchair based on small vocabulary word recognition system and a set of sensors to detect and avoid obstacles. Also, to run the proposed system well, we adopted the use of: a microcontroller , a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) to address constraints control smoothly and a hardware speech recognition module for isolating word from a dependent speaker. In order to get proper security levels to the users , we provide the electric wheelchair with a set of sensors in order to avoid obstacles. The proposed prototype system was provided with a joystick control adapter, where the basic joystick of the wheelchair was able to take the various commands directly from computers. Finally, we run various experiments to examine and check the speech recognition by Arabic, and obtained a successful recognition rate 93.0% of the verification command.

The present article discuses the problems of new Unitary Quantum Theory in its applications to the different aspects of the reality. There are spectacular examples of such applications

The present energy situation and the concerns about global warming has stirred active research interest in non-petroleum, carbon free compounds and non-polluting fuels, particularly for transportation, power generation and agricultural sectors. Environmental concerns and limited amount of petroleum fuels have caused interests in the development of alternative fuels for internal combustion (IC) engines. Among various alternatives hydrogen is a long-term renewable and least polluting fuel. Its clean burning capability helps to meet the stern emission norms. Under the given circumstances, dual-fuel operation with hydrogen within the framework of contemporary existing engine structure is a good alternative. In the present experimental investigation hydrogen was injected through intake manifold by using an injector. A Timed Manifold Injection (TMI) system was developed to vary the injection timing and durations. The optimized timing for injection of hydrogen was 100 CA after top dead centre (ATDC). The study attempts to explain the application of the fuzzy logic based Taguchi analysis to optimize the performance and emission parameters i.e BTHE, NOx and Soot for the different hydrogen injection strategies.